Plus one Computer Application Notes : Chapter 2

Computer can be defined as a fast electronic device that accepts data, processes it as per stored instructions and produces information as outputHardware :- The tangible and visible parts of a computer, which consists of some electromechanical components are called Computer Hardware. Various Hardware components are :-
a. Processor   b.Motherboard  c. Peripherals and Ports  d.Memory    e.Input/output devices
I.                Processor :-Computers perform numerous operations and process vast amounts of data to run these operations. This is done with the help of an integral hardware component called a processor. Processor is responsible for all computing and decision making operations and coordinates the working of a computer. Examples of processors:- Intel core i3, core i5, core i7, AMD Quadcore, etc..¨   CPU is an Integrated Circuit (IC) package which contains millions of transistors and other components fabricated into a single silicon chip which is called the Motherboard of the Computer. Since heat is generated when the CPU works, a proper cooling system is provided with a heat sink and fan.
¨  Every computer contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed. The CPU requires a fixed number of clock ticks (or clock cycles) to execute each instruction. The faster the clock, the more instructions the CPU can execute per second. Another factor is the architecture of the chip. The number of bits a processor can process at one time is called word size. Processors with many different word sizes are 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit, etc.

Registers are temporary storage locations inside CPU, whose contents can be accessed more quickly by the CPU than other memory. Registers work under the direction of the control unit to accept, hold, and transfer instructions or data and perform arithmetic or logical operations at high speed. It speeds up the execution of programs. They are not a part of memory; rather they are special additional storage locations that offer computers the advantage of speed,